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Test Code JAKXB JAK2 Exon 12 and Other Non-V617F Mutation Detection, Blood

Important Note

Order as a REFMAYO in Meditech.

Reporting Name

JAK2 Exon 12 Mutation Detection, B

Useful For

Second-order testing to aid in the distinction between a reactive cytosis and a myeloproliferative neoplasm, particularly when a diagnosis of polycythemia is being considered, using blood specimens

Testing Algorithm

This is a second-order test that should be used when the test for the JAK2B / JAK2 V617F Mutation Detection, Blood test is negative. The sensitivity of this assay is much less than that of the JAK2B test. This is because the sequencing technique is required to evaluate for many potential mutations. The sensitive JAK2B test should always be performed first, as the JAK2 mutation burden may be very low in some specimens. If the JAK2B test is negative, then this assay should be performed for detection of non-V617F JAK2 mutations.

 

For more information see:

-Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: A Diagnostic Approach to Peripheral Blood Evaluation

-Erythrocytosis Evaluation Testing Algorithm

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Specimen Type

Whole blood


Ordering Guidance


In all cases being evaluated for JAK2 mutation status, the initial test that should be ordered is JAK2B / JAK2 V617F Mutation Detection, Blood, a sensitive assay for detection of the mutation. However, if no JAK2 V617F mutation is found, further evaluation of JAK2 may be clinically indicated.



Additional Testing Requirements


 



Shipping Instructions


Specimen must arrive within 5 days (120 hours) of collection. Collect and package specimen as close to shipping time as possible.



Necessary Information


Date of collection is required.



Specimen Required


Container/Tube:

Preferred: Lavender top (EDTA)

Acceptable: Yellow top (ACD)

Specimen Volume: 10 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Invert several times to mix blood.

2. Send whole blood specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.


Specimen Minimum Volume

8 mL

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Whole blood Refrigerated (preferred) 5 days PURPLE OR PINK TOP/EDTA
  Ambient  5 days PURPLE OR PINK TOP/EDTA

Reference Values

An interpretive report will be provided.

Day(s) Performed

Monday through Friday

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

0027U-JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) (eg, myeloproliferative disorder), exon 12 sequence and exon 13 sequence, if performed

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
JAKXB JAK2 Exon 12 Mutation Detection, B 55300-8

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
39467 JAK2 Sequencing Result 55300-8
20194 Final Diagnosis: 34574-4

Clinical Information

DNA sequence mutations in the Janus kinase 2 gene (JAK2) are found in the hematopoietic cells of several myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), most frequently polycythemia vera (close to 100%), essential thrombocythemia (approximately 50%), and primary myelofibrosis (approximately 50%). Mutations in JAK2 have been reported at much lower frequency in other MPN, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and mixed MPN/myelodysplastic syndromes, but essentially never in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), reactive cytoses, or normal patients. Mutations are believed to cause constitutive activation of the JAK2 protein, which is an intracellular tyrosine kinase important for signal transduction in many hematopoietic cells. Since it is often difficult to distinguish reactive conditions from the non-CML MPN, identification of a JAK2 mutation has diagnostic value. Potential prognostic significance of JAK2 mutation detection in chronic myeloid disorders has yet to be clearly established.

 

The vast majority of JAK2 mutations occur at base pair 1849 in the gene, resulting in a JAK2 V617F protein change. In all cases being evaluated for JAK2 mutation status, the initial test that should be ordered is JAK2B / JAK2 V617F Mutation Detection, Blood, a sensitive assay for detection of the mutation. However, if no JAK2 V617F mutation is found, further evaluation of JAK2 may be clinically indicated. Over 50 different mutations have now been reported within exons 12 through 15 of JAK2 and essentially all of the non-V617F mutations have been identified in polycythemia vera. These mutations include point alterations and small insertions or deletions. Several of the exon 12 mutations have been shown to have biologic effects similar to those caused by the V617F mutation such that it is currently assumed other nonpolymorphic mutations have similar clinical effects. However, research in this area is ongoing.

 

This assay for non-V617F/alternative JAK2 mutations is designed to obtain the sequence for JAK2 exons 12 through the first 90% of exon 15, which spans the region containing all mutations reported to date.

Interpretation

The results will be reported as 1 of 2 states:

1. Negative for JAK2 mutation

2. Positive for JAK2 mutation

 

If the result is positive, a description of the mutation at the nucleotide level and the altered protein sequence is reported.

 

Positive mutation status is highly suggestive of a myeloproliferative neoplasm but must be correlated with clinical and other laboratory features for a definitive diagnosis. Negative mutation status does not exclude the presence of a myeloproliferative or other neoplasm.

Cautions

A positive result is not specific for a particular diagnosis and clinicopathologic correlation is necessary in all cases. A negative result does not exclude the presence of a myeloproliferative or other neoplasm.

 

If this test is ordered in the setting of erythrocytosis and suspicion of polycythemia vera, interpretation requires correlation with a concurrent or recent prior bone marrow evaluation.

Supportive Data

Analytical sensitivity is approximately 20% meaning there must be about 20% of the mutated DNA in the sample for reliable detection.

Clinical Reference

1. Ma W, Kantarjian H, Zhang X, et al: Mutation profile of JAK2 transcripts in patients with chronic myeloid neoplasias. J Mol Diagn. 2009;11:49-53

2. Kilpivaara O, Levine RL: JAK2 and MPL mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms: discovery and science. Leukemia. 2008;22:1813-1817

3. Kravolics R: Genetic complexity of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leukemia. 2008;22:1841-1848

4. Tefferi A: The classic myeloproliferative neoplasms: Chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. In: Valle DL, Antonarakis S, Ballabio A, Beaudet AL, Mitchell GA, eds. The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. McGraw-Hill; 2019, Accessed March 16, 2022. Available at https://ommbid.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=225078035&bookid=2709

Method Description

Total RNA is extracted from whole blood and complementary DNA synthesized from JAK2 messenger RNA. A fragment spanning exons 12 through 15 is then amplified using standard polymerase chain reaction and the sequence is obtained using Sanger sequencing with analysis on an automated genetic analyzer.(Unpublished Mayo method)

Report Available

5 to 8 days

Specimen Retention Time

Blood/Bone marrow: 2 weeks; Extracted RNA: 3 months

Method Name

Sanger Sequencing

Secondary ID

89189

Forms

1. Hematopathology Patient Information (T676)

2. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Hematopathology/Cytogenetics Test Request (T726) with the specimen.