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Test Code TYRSC Tyrosinemia Follow-Up Panel, Self-Collect, Blood Spot


Necessary Information


1. Patient's age is required.

2. Patient's street address, city, state, ZIP (postal) code, country, and home phone are required (post-office [PO] boxes are not acceptable delivery locations).



Specimen Required


Supplies: Blood Spot Collection-Self Collect (T858)

Container/Tube: Blood Spot Self Collection Card

Specimen Volume: 2 Blood spots

Additional Information:

1. Order test each time the patient is to collect a dried blood specimen at home and mail the specimen directly to Mayo Clinic Laboratories.

2. Order should be placed a minimum of 3 days prior to desired date of collection.

3. Enter patient's address information for each order created, including street address (post-office [PO] boxes are not acceptable delivery locations), city, state abbreviation, zip code, country, and home phone number.

4. For each order, the Blood Spot Collection-Self Collect kit will be mailed directly to the patient for self-collection (delivery to a PO box will not occur).

5. For more information on how to collect blood spots, see the following

-How to Collect Dried Blood Spot Samples via fingerstick.

-Blood Spot Collection Instructions-Fingerstick

-Blood Spot Collection Instructions-Fingerstick-Spanish


Secondary ID

610495

Useful For

Monitoring of individuals with tyrosinemia type I (hepatorenal tyrosinemia) using a patient-collected specimen

Genetics Test Information

This test is intended for therapeutic monitoring of 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cycohexanedione (NTBC; nitisinone) and dietary patients with tyrosinemia type 1.

Highlights

Blood spot specimens for this test are self-collected by the patient to send directly to Mayo Clinic Laboratories via supplied collection kit. For more information, see Specimen Required.

Method Name

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Reporting Name

Tyrosinemia Follow Up Panel, SC, BS

Specimen Type

Whole blood

Specimen Minimum Volume

1 Blood spot

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Whole blood Ambient (preferred) 7 days FILTER PAPER
  Frozen  90 days FILTER PAPER
  Refrigerated  14 days FILTER PAPER

Reject Due To

Blood spot specimen that shows serum rings or has multiple layers Reject
Insufficient specimen Reject
Unapproved filter papers Reject

Clinical Information

Tyrosinemia type 1 (hepatorenal tyrosinemia: HT-1) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase. HT-1 primarily affects the liver, kidneys, and peripheral nerves, causing severe liver disease, renal tubular dysfunction, and neurologic crises. If left untreated, most patients die of liver failure in the first years of life, and all are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of HT-1 is approximately 1 in 100,000 live births.

 

Affected individuals can show a partial response to dietary restriction of phenylalanine and tyrosine, but dietary treatment in conjunction with the administration of 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3 cyclohexanedione (NTBC; nitisinone), an inhibitor of the proximal tyrosinemia pathway, is very effective when initiated in newborns. Outcome data are promising, and to date, newborn patients treated with NTBC have not developed acute liver disease, neurologic crises, or HCC.

 

According to treatment guidelines established in 2017, monitoring of blood NTBC concentration and succinylacetone (SUAC) levels, along with measuring the dietary intake of amino acids, including tyrosine and phenylalanine, are part of an individualized surveillance plan for patients with HT-1.(1) Monthly analysis of SUAC, NTBC concentration, and amino acids is suggested for the first year of life with the same compounds being monitored every 3 months to age 5 years and every 6 months thereafter.

 

The analytes encompassed in this assay satisfy the recommendations for diagnosing and monitoring HT-1. In particular, for NTBC, the current guidelines recommend 40 nmol/mL to 60 nmol/mL plasma concentration, which corresponds to a target range for NTBC in dried blood spots of 17 nmol/mL to 26 nmol/mL based on a blood to plasma conversion factor of 2.34.(2) Data from the validation of this assay suggests that NTBC dosing could be individualized while not to exceed DBS levels of 26 nmol/mL.(3)

Reference Values

TYROSINE

<4 weeks: 40-280 nmol/mL

≥4 weeks: 25-150 nmol/mL

 

PHENYLALANINE:

27-107 nmol/mL

 

METHIONINE

11-45 nmol/mL

 

SUCCINYLACETONE:

≤1.0 nmol/mL

 

NITISINONE:

≤0.5 nmol/mL

Interpretation

Quantitative results with reference values are reported without added interpretation. When applicable, reports of abnormal results may contain an interpretation based on available clinical information.

Cautions

Bornaprine (Sormodrem) may, at least in theory, interfere with accurate measurement of 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3 cyclohexanedione (NTBC).

 

In rare cases of tyrosinemia type I, tyrosine or succinylacetone may not be elevated.

Clinical Reference

1. Chinsky JM, Singh R, Ficiciolglu C, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of tyrosinemia type I: a US and Canadian consensus group review and recommendations. Genet Med. 2017;19(12). doi:10.1038/gim.2017.101

2. Laeremans H, Turner C, Andersson T, et al. Inter-laboratory analytical improvement of succinylacetone and nitisinone quantification from dried blood spot samples. JIMD Rep. 2020;53(1):90-102

3. Mitchell GA, Grompe M, Lambert M, Tanguay RM. Hypertyrosinemia. In: Valle DL, Antonarakis S, Ballabio A, Beaudet AL, Mitchell GA.  eds. The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. McGraw-Hill; 2019. Accessed December 26, 2023. Available at https://ommbid.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=225082825&bookid=2709#225082946

4. Blackburn PR, Hickey RD, Nace RA, et al. Silent tyrosinemia type I without elevated tyrosine or succinylacetone associated with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Mutat. 2016;37(10):1097-1105. doi:10.1002/humu.23047

Method Description

A 3-mm disk is punched out of the dried blood spot onto a 96-well plate. The amino acids and nitisinone are extracted by the addition of acetonitrile and known concentrations of isotopically labeled amino acids as internal standards. The extract is moved to another 96-well plate, dried under a stream of nitrogen, and derivatized by the addition of n-butanol hydrochloric acid. Analytes are measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The concentrations of the analytes are established by computerized comparison of ion intensities of these analytes to that of the respective internal standards.(Unpublished Mayo method)

Specimen Retention Time

1 year

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

0383U

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
TYRSC Tyrosinemia Follow Up Panel, SC, BS 94573-3

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
610503 Tyrosine 35571-9
610504 Phenylalanine 29573-3
610505 Methionine 47700-0
610506 Succinylacetone 53231-7
610507 Nitisinone 85098-2
BG728 Reason for Referral 42349-1
610502 Reviewed By 18771-6
BG729 Patient Street Address (No PO Box) 56799-0
BG730 Patient City 68997-6
BG731 Patient State 46499-0
BG732 Patient Zip Code 45401-7
BG741 Patient Country 77983-5
BG733 Patient Home Phone 42077-8

Day(s) Performed

Monday through Friday

Report Available

3 to 5 days